In most cases, they are homogeneous materials, and their bulk properties ... If neutralization is slowed down by simply removing the gel from the NaOH solution, the desired effect is seen ...

The gel contains both a solid network and a liquid phase, which can be removed through drying, yielding a porous material. Further heat treatment can densify the material into a glass or ceramic.

Research Director (2017–2022), Advanced Photonics Area: "Dynamic Photonic Crystals with an Extremely High Content of Water" Research Director (2022–2027), Precise Arrangement Toward Functionality Area ...