Thrombosis or compression of the IVC maintains a high pressure in the ... and is redundant owing to advances in interventional radiology. Optimal siting of the TIPS is important.

IVC is clear, popliteal vein involved and calf vein thrombosis; Group 4: PE or IVC thrombus, iliofemoral DVT extends down below the calf veins to involve the ankle. In essence, each of the four ...