For the first time, researchers have been able to measure the quantum state of electrons ejected from atoms that have ...

When electromagnetic radiation is ionizing, it breaks the atomic bond and creates ions, which are atoms and molecules with fewer electrons or a greater number of electrons than they normally have.

What is Ionizing Radiation? In their ability to penetrate matter and displace electrons in atoms and molecules, the various forms of this radiation have deep significance for science, technology ...

That means alpha particles, beta particles, gamma radiation, and other nuclear emissions have enough energy to remove some electrons from atoms or molecules with which they collide. Positively charged ...

This article was originally published with the title “ Ionizing Radiation and Metals ” in Scientific American Magazine Vol. 201 No. 3 (September 1959), p. 200 doi:10.1038 ...

Non-ionizing radiation (e.g. heat, visible light) is essential to life, but excessive exposures can cause tissue damage. All forms of ionizing radiation have sufficient energy to ionize atoms and ...