Mitochondria are surrounded by two or more membranes, and the innermost of ... These molecules are collectively known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), and they are expressed ...

Peripheral membrane proteins are associated with the membrane but ... molecular zip codes that specify their final destination. Mitochondria and chloroplasts are also surrounded by membranes ...

Most animal, plant and fungal cells contain organelles called mitochondria. These descendants of a primordial bacterial ...

Mitochondria are critical for cellular homeostasis, regulating bioenergetics, redox balance, Ca2+ signaling, and cell death.

Mitochondrial dysfunction has long been associated with aging, making preventing or reversing the organelle’s decay a high priority for longevity researchers. One key target for such work is the ...

The genes included those involved in the function of energy-producing mitochondria, lipid and iron metabolism, and the ...

Critical ion gradients also exist across inner mitochondrial membranes (and while the cell membrane has been with us since the dawn of life, the mitochondria and their distinctive membranes joined in ...

"We disrupt the membrane, so mitochondria cannot work functionally ... system in this work is the well-characterized adeno-associated virus (AAV), a minimally infectious virus engineered to ...