Renal hypoplasia, defined as abnormally small kidneys with normal morphology and reduced nephron number ... mechanisms by which these genes function in both normal and abnormal kidney development.

continue along the nephron tubule as urine. This eventually passes down to the bladder. In carrying out these processes, the kidney is able to fulfil its functions of regulating the water and ion ...

The kidneys The nephron - Higher tier only Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) Kidney disease How a dialysis machine works - Higher tier only ...

Each nephron contains groups of tiny blood vessels ... “Vigilance over blood glucose levels, blood pressure, and kidney function is crucial,” he added. Consult a nutritionist to create a ...