The atoms bond because there is a strong enough attraction in both directions and room for the electrons in the outer energy level of the atoms. When two hydrogen atoms and an oxygen atom get close ...

In the water molecule, the oxygen and hydrogen atoms share electrons in covalent bonds. There are a total of 10 protons and 10 electrons, so the water molecule is neutral. The electron cloud model ...

Silica has a giant covalent structure containing silicon atoms (grey) and oxygen atoms (red) Learn more on properties of giant covalent compounds in this podcast. Listen to the full series on BBC ...

The redox reactions affect the number of covalent bonds that a carbon makes to a heteroatom substituent, such as nitrogen and oxygen. Each redox state of carbon (Fig. 2) is associated with a class ...

It is relative to hydrogen which was assigned a value of 2.20 on the Pauling scale. In an oxygen (O2) molecule, both atoms have the same electronegativity. The electrons in the covalent bond are ...