Similarly, when calcium carbonate reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid, it produces carbon dioxide gas. We can measure the rate of the reaction by measuring how fast the reaction produces carbon ...

A hydrogen atom from the carbonic acid bonds to the carbonate ion in ocean water and creates a bicarbonate ion (HCO-3) which the shell-making organisms can’t use.

When CO 2 dissolves in water, it can react to form carbonic acid, which, through further reactions, can then become bicarbonate and carbonate. This reaction can also run in reverse, which means ...