Recently, we have been treated to structures ... retinal from protruding from the protein upon isomerization, thereby forcing the protein to adapt to the all-trans conformation of the chromophore.

Now we know that changes in single-chromophore conformation and structure can also lead to a variety of electronic properties, it is critical to revisit the relationship between the single ...

the Novus Varia allows the retinal specialist to select a specific wavelength that will reach and be maximally absorbed by the target chromophore while minimally absorbed by competing chromophores.