While nanoparticle interactions with various constituents of the immune system have been reviewed before, little attention was given to nanoparticle effects on the blood coagulation system.

The second component of Virhow's triad is blood coagulation factors (proteins present in plasma). These factors may be roughly divided into two groups: zymogen (proenzymes that can be converted ...

Mathematical modeling of blood coagulation and thrombus formation is a critical area of research that seeks to understand the complex processes involved in blood clotting. These models help ...