We divide parasites into two categories: endoparasites, which live inside the body of their hosts, and ectoparasites, which live and feed on the outside of the body of their host. Examples of ...

2008). Alternatively, parasites can also serve as important sources of prey (Figure 1). For example, predators on islands in the Gulf of California, including lizards, scorpions and spiders ...

However, the small size of these wasps and the challenges of rearing them have made the molecular mechanisms of parasitism difficult to decipher. Focusing on the endoparasitoid wasp A. japonica ...