Human biology is typically studied within the framework of sex (evolved, innate factors) rather than gender (sociocultural factors), despite some attention to nature/nurture interactions. Testosterone ...

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A tumor comprising many cells can be compared to a natural population with many individuals. The amount of genetic diversity reflects how it has evolved and can influence its future evolution. We ...

Maternal exposure to high levels of the herbicide glyphosate may increase the risk for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in offspring; however, the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Maternal ...

Though people regularly recognize many distinct emotions, for the most part, research studies have been limited to six basic categories—happiness, surprise, sadness, anger, fear, and disgust; the ...

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The rates of biological primary production before the emergence of atmospheric oxygen on Earth are thought to be low. However, mudstones from the Archean Era contain a high organic matter content, ...

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This is an addendum toComplex viscosity of helical and doubly helical polymeric liquids from general rigid bead-rod theory ...

The PNAS editors would like to thank all the individuals who dedicated their considerable time and expertise to the journal by serving as reviewers and guest editors in 2023. Their generous ...