Background High feed osmolality (or osmolarity) is often suggested to be linked with adverse gastrointestinal events in preterm infants. Aim To systematically review the literature on milk feed ...

The biochemical presentation is hypernatremia with increased serum osmolality in the presence of inappropriately dilute urine in large volumes. If thirst sensation is assessed using a thirst scale, ...

The diagnosis of diabetes insipidus can be confirmed by continued hypotonic polyuria in the presence of hypernatremia and/or hyperosmolality. [8] Measurement of urine osmolality or specific ...

3 Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Milk Bank, Queen Charlottes and Chelsea Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK Correspondence to: Professor Edwards Department of Paediatrics, Imperial College ...

Large amounts of sodium and potassium are lost in stool as a result of diarrhea. Hypernatremia is uncommon, whereas hypokalemia caused by hyperventilation is often observed (more frequently in ...