Imbalance between the sympathetic and parasympathetic limbs of the CANS is involved in the genesis of VAs and ... The ligament of Marshall; LSG, Left stellate ganglion; MI, Myocardial infarction; RSD, ...

Fluctuations in arousal are regulated by the autonomic nervous system, which is mainly controlled by the balanced activity of the parasympathetic and sympathetic systems, commonly indexed by heart ...

[13] nAChRs as Regulators of Inflammation and Cellular Function. The parasympathetic nervous system, primarily the vagus nerve, has been called the 'cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway'.

Purpose: The pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, clinical efficacy, adverse effects, drug interactions, dosage and administration, and formulary considerations of tiotropium are discussed. Conclusion ...

However, the specific contribution of the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS) is unclear. We aimed to determine whether physiological and pharmacological manipulation of parasympathetic tone ...

The parasympathetic fibres originate in the pons and medulla of the mid-brain and synapse in the otic (parotid) and submandibular (submandibular and sublingual) ganglia. The postganglionic ...

The involuntary part of the PNS includes the sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric nervous systems. The sympathetic, parasympathetic, and enteric nervous system work together to balance out ...

Nitric oxide is endogenously released in the airways by nitric oxide synthase. Functionally, two isoforms of this enzyme exist: constitutive and inducible. The former seems to protect airways from ...