An example of endothermic reactions is photosynthesis, where oxygen and high-energy glucose molecules are built from low-energy carbon dioxide and water. Photosynthesis requires the overall input of energy, but the glucose maintains a good portion of the activation energy in its bonds.

The ozone layer is a thin, invisible shield that covers the Earth and protects life from UV radiation. In this layer, there is a constant creation and destruction of atmospheric ozone. Ozone molecules, O3, are created when oxygen molecules, O2, are broken down by UV radiation in a process called photolysis.

The atomic number of an element is the number of protons the atom has in its nucleus. The number of electrons is also the same as the atomic number, as the atom is neutral and therefore has equal numbers of positive protons and negative electrons.

In addition, as dead organisms and waste products are decomposed, more organic molecules and CO 2 are released. This is a fast cycle, taking in and releasing carbon comparatively quickly. The exception to this quick turnover is when dead organisms sink to the ocean floor to form sedimentary rock, or when they are buried underground.

Large bodies of water are heated by the sun and water molecules at the surface gain enough energy to break free from the attractive forces that normally hold them together. The molecules evaporate, rising into the atmosphere as vapor. At the same time, water vapor is given off by trees and plants in a process known as transpiration.

The energy in the molecules of ATP and NADPH made previously is used to build glucose molecules from carbon dioxide in the environment. This glucose can be used directly in cellular respiration, built up into starch for storage, into cellulose for cell walls, or …

Nearly all enzymes are made of protein and have a very specific three-dimensional shape. This shape allows them to fit with the molecules they act on, their substrates, with perfect precision. Enzymes are substrate-specific, in that they only fit precisely with their own substrate. This means that each biochemical reaction has a dedicated enzyme.

DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid. DNA explained. DNA is short for deoxyribonucleic acid. It is a molecule found in the nucleus of every cell of every living thing that codes for nearly all cellular activities.

This distinction is important, as ionizing radiation is highly capable of damaging human DNA and other cellular molecules, leading to increased risks of cancer and acute radiation syndrome (ARS). Ionizing radiation comes mainly from the decay of radioactive substances that gives off alpha, beta, or gamma radiation. Alpha radiation

A look at what diatomic elements are. What are enzymes? What are enzymes, how do they work and what are ...