2025年1月31日 · Metabolism, the sum of chemical reactions that take place in living cells, providing energy for life processes and the synthesis of cellular material. Living organisms are unique in that they extract energy from their environments via hundreds of coordinated, multistep, enzyme-mediated reactions.

2025年1月16日 · Enzymes are the primary mechanism of metabolic control; another process uses transport systems in the organelle membranes. Glycolysis and isoprenoid pathways are important in plants. Plant mitochondria also metabolize malate and glycine, and possess a cyanide-resistant alternative respiratory chain.

Nucleic acid - Metabolism, Structure, Function: Replication, repair, and recombination—the three main processes of DNA metabolism—are carried out by specialized machinery within the cell. DNA must be replicated accurately in order to ensure the integrity of the genetic code.

2024年12月21日 · Metabolism - Enzymes, ATP, Reactions: At any given time, a neutral molecule of water dissociates into a hydrogen ion (H+) and a hydroxide ion (OH−), and the ions are continually re-forming into the neutral molecule.

Energy is released in three phases. In the first, large molecules, such as those of proteins, polysaccharides, and lipids, are broken down; small amounts of energy are released in the form of heat in these processes.

metabolic disease, any of the diseases or disorders that disrupt normal metabolism, the process of converting food to energy on a cellular level. Thousands of enzymes participating in numerous interdependent metabolic pathways carry out this process.

2024年12月21日 · Metabolism - Pathways, Enzymes, Reactions: There are two main reasons for studying a metabolic pathway: (1) to describe, in quantitative terms, the chemical changes catalyzed by the component enzymes of the route; and (2) to describe the various intracellular controls that govern the rate at which the pathway functions.

Metabolomics, the study of metabolites, the chemical substances produced as a result of metabolism, which encompasses all the chemical reactions that take place within cells to provide energy for vital processes.

2024年12月21日 · Cellular respiration, the process by which organisms combine oxygen with foodstuff molecules, diverting the chemical energy in these substances into life-sustaining activities and discarding, as waste products, carbon dioxide and water. It includes glycolysis, the TCA cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation.

2024年12月17日 · Human respiratory system - Circulation, Metabolism, Oxygen: The interplay of respiration, circulation, and metabolism is the key to the functioning of the respiratory system as a whole. Cells set the demand for oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide discharge, that is, for gas exchange in the lungs.