Steelmaking is the process of producing steel from iron ore and/or scrap. Steel has been made for millennia, and was commercialized on a massive scale in the 1850s and 1860s, using the Bessemer and Siemens-Martin processes. Two major commercial processes are used.

Basic oxygen steelmaking is a primary steelmaking process for converting molten pig iron into steel by blowing oxygen through a lance over the molten pig iron inside the converter. Exothermic heat is generated by the oxidation reactions during blowing.

The molten steel is extracted from the furnace and used in the casting process where the steel is allowed to pass through a set of rolls and water sprays. This rolls the steel to the correct shape and becomes solid.

2024年3月26日 · Molten steel, produced from the blast furnace and molten steel casting process, is a versatile material widely used in various modern industrial applications. Its unique strength, durability and malleability make it a material of choice for many products and systems across multiple industries.

2024年11月19日 · Molten steel containing, for example, a carbon content of 0.77 percent (shown by the vertical dashed line in the figure) begins to solidify at about 1,475° C (2,660° F) and is completely solid at about 1,400° C (2,550° F).

In principle, steelmaking is a melting, purifying, and alloying process carried out at approximately 1,600° C (2,900° F) in molten conditions. Various chemical reactions are initiated, either in sequence or simultaneously, in order to arrive at specified …

The use of EAFs has expanded and now accounts for over 70 percent of steel production in the United States. The EAF is different from the blast furnace as it produces steel by using an electrical current to melt scrap steel, direct reduced iron, and/or pig iron, to produce molten steel.

2020年3月17日 · Key components include graphite electrodes. The heat necessary for melting the metal comes from an electric arc that arises when the electrodes make contact with the metal. Arc temperatures can go as high as 3,500 degrees, while the temperature of …

During the steel refining period, oxygen is injected into the molten steel through an oxygen lance. Some iron, together with other impurities in the hot metal, including aluminum, silicon, manganese, phosphorus, and carbon, are oxidized during the oxygen injections.

How Is Steel Made? Although some molten (liquid) iron is manufactured into wrought iron or cast iron, the majority of molten iron moves directly into the steelmaking process. Steel is produced from molten iron and from scrap iron and steel.